ࡱ> M bjbjd&d& 0ZLGiLGiy=~ ~ ~ ~ ~  8 d.# cf*$$"$$$,v,$,bbbbbbb$ye/hb~ ,++@,,b~ ~ $$b///,~ $~ $b/,b//2,U.Y$Hzt-ZW.~bb0cW&hn.h\YYh~ Z[$,,/,,,,,bb /,,,c,,,,h,,,,,,,,,X D:  51cg MB ChB Phase IV Medical Humanities Student Selected Component Option: Essay Project on the history/culture of medicine/health ME33E2 (15 Credits) 23 October- 1 December 2023 Course Co-ordinator: Alex Sutherland Contents 1. Course aims and learning outcomes 2. Teaching methods 3. Assessment and deadlines 4. Course co-ordinator contact and office hours 5. Inter student contact 6. Programme for week one 7. Programme for weeks two to six 8. Choosing your research topic/Recommended Reading 9. Previous research topics 10. Essay project proposal 11. Essay presentation and formatting guidelines 12. Essay marking criteria 13. Finding aids/research tools 14. Plagiarism 15. Class certificates 16. Penalties for late work 17. Student feedback and comment 18. John Blair Trust 1 Course Aims and Learning Outcomes This course allows you to undertake an essay-project on a topic related to the history or culture of medicine or health in a country of your choice. Very importantly this module requires you to consider your research topic within a broad social, political, and cultural context. By taking this course you will gain: - A culturally focussed perspective on the history of medicine/health - A greater understanding of the nature of historical research and critical analysis of same - Experience of the processes of choosing, planning, and implementing an essay-project to deadline - Experience in working independently - Experience in writing and formatting an essay in an academic style 2 Teaching Methods In the first week of the course, you will be required to attend a two-hour, in-person session which will aid you in your research activities. Attendance at this session is obligatory. It takes place from 11am-1pm in The Taylor Building, Room C16, Kings College Campus on Monday 23 October 2023 The first part of the session is primarily dedicated to taking you through the details, requirements, and deadlines of the course itself and how to position the history of medicine in a cultural context. This will also include an interactive discussion on possible project ideas. The second part of the session How to research will explore the framework through which to structure a question in the cultural history of medicine and how to avoid some very common problems. This will be followed by a Q&A session. You will also be required to attend two resource sessions on Tuesday 24 October, See Section 6 below. The intention of the course is to enable independent and individual working within a strong and supportive framework. To this end, you will be required to attend a talk on Library Resources on Tuesday 24 October given by Ewan Grant Information Consultant, and a discussion with members of the Med-Chi Heritage Group. See section 6 below for more details. 3 Assessment and Deadlines By 5.00pm on Monday 30 OCTOBER you will submit by email attachment an Essay-Project Proposal to Alex Sutherland, Course Co-ordinator. This will be a 300-word (min) project outline, plus a minimum of six referenced primary sources and seven referenced secondary sources. These should be annotated, explaining briefly their importance to your project. I will either approve the proposal or will ask for modifications and will endeavour to respond to all students within one or two days. Once approved, you will then work independently on your project. See more information at 10 below. Your essay should be submitted via Turnitin by 5.00pm on Friday 1 DECEMBER. This must be 3500-words (inclusive of footnotes/endnotes but not bibliography), in the format outlined in section 10 below. This to be accompanied by a signed and dated Assessment Cover Sheet which must include a signed and dated plagiarism statement, a template for this is included in your course materials. The word count for your essay must also be stated. Do not include your name but do include your student ID number. See more information at 11 below. Please note: A small extension without penalty may only be permitted, in certain circumstances, and with the approval of the MBCHB office, if negotiated in advance. 4 Course Co-ordinator Contact and Office Hours Alex Sutherland (Email)  HYPERLINK "mailto:a.m.sutherland@abdn.ac.uk" a.m.sutherland@abdn.ac.uk I do encourage you to maintain contact throughout the duration of the course, the best way to contact me is by email. Feel free to email me for advice at any point during the module. However, do keep an eye on MyAberdeen as it will be the primary hub for all general information and guidance notes. To meet in person, I will hold Office Hours and Surgery: 10 am-12 noon Room 220, Suttie Centre every Tuesday from 31 October to 28 November inclusive. I will be available to meet for 15-minute appointments to discuss any aspect of your work. It is essential to make an appointment in advance by e-mail. 5 Inter Student Contact Whilst you are required to work independently, you are encouraged to maintain contact with your course co-ordinator and your fellow students. There is a small class this year, your fellow students are: Aditya, SourikAlmulla, LulwaGiffen, Emily Karis Hassan, AbdullahMolina, Elyssa Minette AganusSeymour, Harry 6 Programme for Week One Monday 23 October 2023 11am-1pm, the Taylor Building, Room C16, Kings College Campus This two-hour session is made up of two parts. Please note that attendance is mandatory. Failure to attend without prior approval will incur penalties that will affect your essay grade. Part 1 Introduction to the Course This part will take you through the main elements of the course, research ideas, critical analysis within the context of writing history essays, MHRA referencing style including footnotes and bibliography. This will take approximately one hour. I strongly recommend that you give some prior thought as to the area(s) in which you would like to conduct your study. Part 2 How to Research This part will take you through the key things you need to take account of when undertaking academic research into the history of medicine and some of the more common traps to avoid. To structure the session, we will use Chapter 16 Sleuthing and Science: How to Research a Question in Medical History, from Jacalyn Duffin, History of Medicine: A Scandalously Short Introduction, (2010). This is essential reading so please familiarise yourself with the text before the session. Multiple copies of the book are available at Sir Duncan Rice Library and it is available online through the librarys catalogue. Tuesday 24 October 11am-12 noon Sir Duncan Rice Library, Seminar Room 224 Floor 2 Library Resources: Ewan Grant, Information Consultant (01224 272587, HYPERLINK "mailto:e.grant@abdn.ac.uk"e.grant@abdn.ac.uk.) will provide a session on resources and on the use of finding aids for history of medicine sources. This session will include information on the Librarys Special Collections. A Factsheet on '500 Years of Medicine in the Library of the 51cg' is also available from the library. Special Collections also hold materials which could be used as a starting point for broader locally focused projects, e.g. on the history of spa treatments in the North East of Scotland. There is a large collection on the history of pharmacology and much material on ancient medicine. There are various catalogues and publications which describe the collections including W. P. D. Wightman, Science and the Renaissance which should be useful to students interested in medicine in that and earlier periods. Useful contacts may include: Michelle Gait, Reading Room Manager (HYPERLINK "mailto:m.gait@abdn.ac.uk"m.gait@abdn.ac.uk). For information about the resources available in the Medical Library contact (HYPERLINK "mailto:m.bickerton@abdn.ac.uk"m.bickerton@abdn.ac.uk; 01224 552488 / F/H Ext 52740). 2.00-4.00pm Polwarth Building, Room 2-054 Aberdeen Medico Chirurgical Society: Drs Marion White and Hilary Hinton who look after the Societys archival and printed sources will be on hand with Professor James Hutchison and members of the Med-Chi Heritage Group to discuss the work and resources of the society and to offer advice and suggestions on often overlooked areas of research. Please take a moment to browse the Medico Chirurgical Society library catalogue here: HYPERLINK "http://www.med-chi.co.uk/"http://www.med-chi.co.uk/ 7 Programme for Weeks Two - Six Once your topic has been approved you are free to organise your own time to undertake and write up the results. Do take the time to read all the provided guidance, and make sure that you leave enough time at the end to write up your work. As a rough guide a 15-credit essay should involve circa 150 hours of effort. 8 Choosing a Research Topic/Recommended Reading There are several key elements when considering possible research areas: - You may choose to undertake a comparison between countries/institutions with very different cultures or consider the same country but over different time periods. Be clear as to why you have set your parameters they must make good investigative sense. Alternatively, you might choose to concentrate on a specific epidemic episode or a disease in each time. Your ideas might end up revolving around an institution (for example a hospital, university department or research institute), or an innovator/discoverer in the country (ies) of your choice. Other ideas might involve health and welfare services, or a medical speciality, or a section of the medical or paramedical profession (e.g., nursing). You might even want to look at alternative medical practices. The possibilities are huge. Be very clear about the question(s) you want to address as part of the process, and what it is that particularly interests you. For example, why did this specific event, person or institution happen, what was the significance, what were the enabling/inhibiting factors of this time in this place? Establish that there are sufficient primary and secondary sources to support your study. Also make sure that you can access the necessary material in good time. One of the objectives behind the need to produce a project proposal is designed to test this. Where necessary, ensure that you have the language skills to translate material. Your project doesnt have to be about mainstream medicine. Projects around alternative forms of practice or therapy (e.g., homeopathy), fringe medicine, folk medicine or popular beliefs and practices surrounding health and medicine is also permitted. Be very mindful of the need to evaluate in a balanced way, recognising the importance of cultural practice and to avoid the very common problem of presentism, i.e., judging the past with the benefit of modern knowledge. Projects are also permissible that deal with more recent or current issues such as the Covid pandemic and responses to it, or where you wish to update an older topic. You could explore, for example, attitudes and/or actions surrounding diseases such as HIV/AIDS, vCJD, food poisoning, blood product scandals, or related issues such as teenage pregnancy, lifestyle issues such as obesity, smoking, alcoholism, drug abuse, or current debates about the finance of the health service of your choice. BUT BE AWARE the more recent the phenomenon the less likely you are to find considered academic studies on the subject and conversely the more likely you are to unearth contrasting, and often confusing and unsubstantiated media/public opinion. Whatever you choose, if your area of research is too big you will struggle to contain your essay within the word count. Conversely, too small an area and you are likely to ramble and repeat yourself. Modifications may be needed as you progress, even though the purpose of the initial proposal is to minimise the risk of this. If your topic becomes unwieldy, or thin then do speak with me and we can agree a Plan B. This is not an uncommon situation, so do not panic. It might be that to retain your core idea, you need to refine or extend your scope e.g., research a subset of a topic, or refocus around a specific country or region, or even a community. It will help you manage your time better if you can undertake some investigations into the area you wish to research before the first session on Monday 23 October. It may help you feel more confident that you have a viable project when we do meet and will also free you up to spend more time later focused research and writing. There are several History of Medicine reference books/journals available in the library and online to guide you if necessary (see recommendations below). If you are struggling to find suitable topics a useful website, particularly for students is The Society for the Social History of Medicine (sshm.org.) may be helpful. Go to both the prize winners and bursaries section and the undergraduate blog page and explore. There you will find not only several past years prize-winning student essays, but also some offered insights into their journey. These are much larger pieces than is expected for this course, but they may offer ideas on research topics and the ways in which writing the history of medicine can be shaped and communicated. Students are not allowed duplicate projects, although alternative perspectives and variations on similar themes are permissible. Most, histories of medicine. by their very nature are large tomes, designed for reference rather than reading cover to cover. A few I particularly recommend casting your eyes over that might either generate the spark of an idea, or help consolidate and contextualise topics that you already have in mind, are the following: Jacalyn Duffin, History of Medicine: A Scandalously Short Introduction (Toronto, Buffalo, London: Toronto Press Inc, 2010). Available SDRL and online (requires Institutional Login)  HYPERLINK "https://web.s.ebscohost.com/ehost/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzY4Mjc5Ml9fQU41?sid=07d7ec26-9e6e-4139-a4bb-93f3526647b7@redis&vid=3&format=EB&rid=1" History of Medicine, Second Edition : A Scandalously Short Introduction (ebscohost.com) Medicine Transformed: Health, Disease and Society in Europe edited by Deborah Brunton (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2004) Health, Disease and Society in Europe 1800-1930: a source book, edited by Deborah Brunton (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2009) The above two books are companion pieces. Available SDRL and online Companion to Medicine in the Twentieth Century, edited by Roger Cooter and John Pickstone (London and New York: Routledge, 2003). Check availability. The Healing Arts, Health Disease and Society in Europe 1500-1800, edited by Peter Elmer (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004) Health, Disease and Society in Europe 1500-1800: a source book, edited by Peter Elmer and Ole Grell (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004) The above two books are companion pieces. Available SDRL Lawrence I. Conrad, Michael Neve, Vivian Nutton, Roy Porter, Andrew Wear, The Western Medical Tradition: 800BC to AD1800 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007). Available SDRL Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present (London: Harper Collins, 1999). Available DRL and online The final two books are much more expansive in their coverage over time, as evidenced by their respective titles. Even if you select a more recent period, they have great value as they will give some much-needed context to more modern developments. Books are available for more specific regions or countries, such as: Helen M Dingwall, A History of Scottish Medicine: Themes and Influences (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2003) Please ensure you check the current arrangements for physical access to library resources and availability of hard copy before setting out. 9 Previous Research Topics The history of medicine is a very rich and diverse area. There is plenty of scope for designing a project related to your own interests and below is a sample of some of the very many topics previously explored by students on this course: The Basaglia law. Returning dignity to psychiatric patients: the historical, political, and social factors that led to the closure of psychiatric hospitals in Italy in 1978 The Influence of the Western Culture on Eating Disorders in Females The Northern Irish Troubles (late 1960s 1998): The Psychological Effects on The Officers Who Served During the Conflict and Their Families. Changing roles of Women in Medicine and Neurosurgery; key pioneers and the challenges and barriers faced- a comparison between Western and Eastern Countries. The Heart Disease Gender Gap in the UK From Staining Silks to Scientific Innovation: The History of Haematoxylin and Eosin in H&E Staining Mediaeval Islamic medicine and its contributions to early modern medicine The media stir surrounding HIV in the 1980s and how the resulting stigma and misconceptions impacted the lives of homosexual communities in the USA and UK French cultural values and an assessment of their impact upon the care of the elderly The impact of Frances socio-political, religious, and cultural environment on the careers of recognised clinical/medical pioneers The French health system and the fundamental human values within which it operates The cultural and historical conditions that led to the HIV/blood scandal in France The relationship between medicine and health and French colonial expansion in Africa A justification of Louis Pasteurs reputation for founding the science of microbiology and revolutionising hygiene and infectious diseases The attitudes, behaviour and actions that have surrounded smoking in France since its politicisation in the 1970s The impact of Ambrose Pares methods of military surgery The cultural conditioning that shapes the French public health authorities to the obesity epidemic The cultural conditioning that shapes the management of alcohol abuse in France Claude Bernards key contributions to the development of French physiology and medicine in the nineteenth century both philosophical and scientific Laennecs Discovery of the Stethoscope and the Reaction of the Medical Profession The nature of the French response to the AIDS crisis in the 1980s The influence of eugenics on German society in the 1930s The hypothermia research programme, 19391945 carried out by German medical scientists The factors that conditioned the reactions of doctors to the rise of Nazism in inter-war Germany The factors that have contributed to the popularity of complementary and alternative medicine in Germany The interaction between Rudolf Virchows medicine and German politics The culture of Gaelic indigenous medicine prior to 1800 Contrasting scientific enlightened medicine with folk medicine and its impact upon the communities of the Highlands and Islands in the eighteenth century HIMS: The creation of medical services in the Highlands and Islands in early 20th c. Puerperal Fever in the 18th century: a comparative essay on Gordon and Semmelweiss The dark side of man-midwifery: William Smellie and 18th c. obstetrics The impact of the 1930s civil war upon the subsequent history of medicine in Spain The cultural factors that condition the problem of obesity in Spain Cubas healthcare system as a miracle of socialism Cubas healthcare system as a propagandist tool The impact of the United States embargo on the health of the Cuban people in the 1990s Cultural factors accounting for the burden of illegal abortion in Latin America Cultural barriers affecting the spread of HIV/AIDS amongst homosexuals in Latin America The attitudes of people in Spanish-speaking Latin America to traditional medicine The Colegio Medico (Chilean Medical Association) opposition to President Allende and his plans for reform of the Chilean health care in the 1970s The use of Animal Assistive Therapy in recovery and rehabilitation Changing attitudes to Lobotomy in the 20th century History and development of lower limb prosthesis and the psychological impact of amputation Comparative study of military medicine and nursing in the Napoleonic and Crimean Wars History/development of medical services for the deaf and social attitudes in the 19th/20th c Simpson, womens health, midwifery, and the development of anaesthetics TB in Aberdeen You may wish to take the germ of an idea from any of these, perhaps look at a different period, or location. 10 Essay-Project Proposal to be submitted by 5.00pm on Monday 30 OCTOBER Provisional Working Title: You should formulate a working title as a positive statement for your essay project, which provisionally defines the area in which you are working. The title should include the country that you are focused upon, the subject matter and the period in which you are interested. The title can be expanded or narrowed as the project progresses, and the final title might express the crux of an argument that you will have ultimately developed. Outline: You should write an outline of at least 300 words describing your project. I will respond to the research proposals individually with comments and suggestions, and will, if necessary, ask for more details to refine and focus the proposal In order to facilitate timely feedback on the proposals it would be a great help if students who are able and willing to do so submit their proposal before the deadline date of 31 October. List of Primary and Secondary Sources with brief annotations: Students must identify a minimum of SIX referenced primary sources along with the project outline and a minimum of SEVEN referenced secondary sources along with the project outline. The annotation that accompanies each reference is so that you show an understanding of the relevance of the piece to your research at this stage. Most students will by the end of the process have accessed and referenced many more sources than these initial requirements. There is not always a clear dividing line between primary and secondary sources. The How to Research session will help with this. However, as a good rule of thumb: Primary sources will usually be journal, diaries or newspaper articles or books, or letters, minutes, photographs, images, memos etc, written/produced at the time of the events under investigation, or written/produced later by a witness to the events in question. They may be in the foreign language that you are studying, or in English. For projects on current health/medical issues, primary sources might be items from recent foreign language newspapers, medical and other journals, and websites, proceedings or reports of the national governments or the European parliament etc. In principle, foreign language films, television programmes with a health/medical theme could also be useful primary sources. Original scientific research also falls into this category. Eg1. R. Koch, Investigations into the aetiology of traumatic infective diseases, London, 1880. Eg2. The Medical Service of the Prussian Army, The Lancet, 1873, vol. 1, p. 137; R. S. Saxton The Madrid Blood Transfusion Institute, The Lancet, 1937, vol. 2, pp. 6068 Secondary sources will most likely be recent books or articles written about your topic by scholars or commentators analysing the event. These sources you may typically find in historical, social science and medical journals/books/websites either directly or indirectly related to the topic that you are investigating. Reviews of the work of others, created images, creative productions also fall into this category. Eg1. If you are interested in the German pioneer bacteriologist Robert Koch, an example of a secondary source would be T. D. Brock, Robert Koch, a life in medicine and bacteriology, (1988). Eg2. If you are interested in medicine in the Napoleonic wars, Spanish civil war, or the Franco-Prussian war 1870-71, a less directly related secondary source would be Roger Cooters article on War and Modern Medicine in R. Porter and W. Bynum (eds.), Companion Encyclopaedia of the History of Medicine (1993). Cooter discusses the question of whether war is good for medicine or whether medicine is good for war which you could use to frame your own more specific discussion. Eg3. If you are interested in current debates about how to reform the health service in Germany, you might find the following useful: S. Giaimo, Markets, and medicine: The politics of health care reform in Britain Germany and the United States, 2002. Whilst the distinction between primary and secondary sources may not always be entirely clear, context is everything. If you have any doubts on the categorisation of your selected sources, please contact me for further advice. NB: please translate foreign language titles or at least indicate in English what they cover. 10 Essay Presentation and Formatting Guidelines Essays must be in English, and if quotations are used from foreign language publications they must be translated. Essays should be submitted properly formatted with a one- inch margin and a 1.5 spacing between lines. Font type is optional but font size 11 for the body of work is appropriate. Note that this is an essay and not a report so avoid over-tabulating paragraphs, excessive sub-titles, and bullet points. Serious deviation from the formatting style will have a negative impact upon the mark awarded. You must give credit where credit is due. Quotations, paraphrases, statistics, interpretations, and significant phraseology taken from sources must be carefully and correctly cited. However, obvious facts upon which all authors would agree need not be footnoted. All work should be submitted complete with correctly formed foot/end notes and bibliography as specified in the MHRA referencing system. If you are unfamiliar with the automated referencing system in Microsoft and are struggling with the guidance provided, please speak with me. Guidance notes on the MHRA system are provided. As a rule of thumb +/-10% of the total word count (3500) will not be penalised Finally, please take the time to proofread your work thoroughly as errors including repeated typographical mistakes, incomplete sentences and the use of contractions will have a negative impact upon the mark awarded to the work. 12 Essay Marking Criteria Essays will be marked using the Common Grading Scale (CGS). The CGS grades run as follows: ExcellentA3Grade point 18-22Very GoodA2Grade point 15-17GoodC2Grade point 12-14PassD2Grade point 9-11WeakE2Grade point 6-8PoorF2Grade point 3-5Very PoorG2Grade point 0-2 The criteria used to determine the grade point draws upon an extensive range of characteristics that can be evidenced in the work. Full details can be seen at  HYPERLINK "http://www.abdn.ac.uk/staffnet/teaching/common-grading-scale-2840.php" http://www.abdn.ac.uk/staffnet/teaching/common-grading-scale-2840.php 13 Finding Aids/Research tools The SSC students will be introduced to various finding aids/research tools by Ewan Grant, the information consultant at SDRL, but you also find all the library staff supportive of individual quests, so please do not hesitate to ask. Students doing historical projects are strongly encouraged to explore the resources of the University Historical Collections, and will find a very helpful and informed staff there. Besides the older books that are looked after by Special Libraries and Archives, all of which are on the main library catalogue, there are collections of unpublished papers, oral history transcripts etc. Again, please ensure you have checked the current arrangements for access to the Wolfson Reading Room. 14 Plagiarism The definition of Plagiarism is the use, without adequate acknowledgement, of the intellectual work of another person in work submitted for assessment. A student cannot be found to have committed plagiarism where it can be shown that the student has taken all reasonable care to avoid representing the work of others as his or her own. If you have any doubts about what constitutes plagiarism, please see the course co-ordinator. All cases of suspected plagiarism will be reported to the University Investigating Officer. All hard copy work must be attached to a signed Assessment Cover Sheet. The paper copy should be submitted with only your ID number on the title page (please delete any use of your name on the title page or in the body of the document). 15 Class Certificates The general regulations for circumstances in which students are liable to have a C6 entered on their record are difficult to apply to non-standard courses such as this one, which demands very little class contact and substitutes independent working and the submission of one essay project proposal: Students will therefore be liable to a C6 if they: Miss the class sessions in week 1 without prior permission or without good cause. -are more than three days late in handing in their essay project proposal (the weekend counting as one day). The award of a C6 is the first step towards the withdrawal of a class certificate. Any student awarded a C6 should contact the course co-ordinator immediately. 16 Penalties for Late Work/Absence from Mandatory Sessions PLEASE NOTE THAT THERE WILL BE PENALTIES FOR LATE SUBMISSION OF WORK, INCLUDING ALL ITEMS ABOVE. THESE PENALTIES FOLLOW THE INSTITUTIONS POLICY. NOTE THAT UNDER THE NEW POLICY, LATE SUBMISSION UP TO 24-HRS LEADS TO A DEDUCTION OF 2 CGS MARKS. There will a penalty of 1/2 mark per day from the final mark for the course for any work submitted late without good cause or medical certificate. This includes the essay-project proposal as well as the final essay. There will be a penalty of mark for absence from the mandatory sessions if absence is not without good cause or medical certificate. Submitted assessed work that is more than a week late without good cause or medical certificate can only achieve a MAXIMUM CGS grade of D3. 17 Student Feedback and Comment The Department places great importance on interaction with, and feedback from, its students. To facilitate this, each course participates in the Student Course Evaluation Form (SCEF) exercise. SCEFs are distributed to students and returned by students to the Departmental office and returned to the central administration for tabulation. As part of the SCEF exercise, course co-ordinators provide a report of the tabulated results, and an overall report is prepared for the Academic Standards Committee. 18 John Blair Trust  HYPERLINK "https://sshm.ac.uk/john-blair-trust/" John Blair Trust The Scottish Society of the History of Medicine (sshm.ac.uk) Exists to promote the study of History of Medicine by undergraduate students of medicine and allied sciences. 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