51cg

1. Matrices: Basic definitions and notation. Algebra of matrices: multiplication by scalar, addition and subtraction of matrices, multiplication. Zero matrix, identity matrix, transpose, symmetric & anti-symmetric matrices. The meaaning of matrix inversion. Inverse of 2x2 matrix. Determinants, with some work on row & column operations together with general expansion formula. Systems of linear equations. Geometrical interpretation. Discussion of various possibilities: unique solutions, no solution, infinitely many solutions. Gaussian reduction. Solution of systems of linear equations by formal Gaussian reduction with partial pivoting down to upper triangular form followed by backsubstitution.
2. Ordinary Differential Equations: First Order: Separations of variables and integrating factors. Second Order: Theory and applications of linear equatinos with constatn coefficients. Revision of differentiation and integration: differentiation as linear approximation; examples of differential equaations; linearity. First and second order linear differential equations with constant coefficients: initial value conditions; solutions of homogenous equations andinvestigation of the form of the solution; solution of non-homogeneous equations using complementary function and particular integral; forced oscillations and resonance.
3. Partial Differentiation: Introduction to partial differentiation; the heat equation and wave equation as examples of two-variable (space and time) problems; partial differentiation as linear approximation; representation of a function of two variables by a surface; estimation of small errors; the chain rule; 2nd order approximation for a function of two variables; maxima, minima and saddle-points; application of the chain rule to solve the wave equation

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