Senior Lecturer
- 51cg
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- Email Address
- clare.sutherland@abdn.ac.uk
- Office Address
School of Psychology, King's College, 51cg
- School/Department
- School of Psychology
Qualifications
- PhD Psychology2016 - University of York
- MRes Psychology2011 - University of York
- BSc Psychology2010 - University of Glasgow
Memberships and Affiliations
- Internal Memberships
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Deputy PGR Coordinator
Chair of EDI (2021-2026)
Athena Swan lead for Psychology (led 2026 Gold Award)
- External Memberships
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- , School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
- , Ordinary Committee Member, Experimental Psychology Society
- , Visual Cognition.
- , The Leadership Quarterly.
Prizes and Awards
30th Experimental Psychology Award for distinguished early career contribution to psychology
University Excellence Awards, 2025, Best postgraduate supervisor
- Research
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Research Overview
Face perception is central to human social life, affecting how we recognise our friends, fall in love, and even whom we trust. My research investigates how we perceive others when we meet them for the first time. My lab aim to understand the influence of stereotypes, individual differences, cultural learning and development on face perception.
I also have wider interests in understanding how and why we trust others, as well as advances in AI face generation and recognition.
My research has been funded by the ARC, ESRC, British Psychological Society, Experimental Psychological Society and Brain.
Funding and Grants
- ARC Discovery Project (DP260100208, 2026-2030; with Amy Dawel, David White, Gelareh Mohammdi, James Dunn, Zak Witkower, Alice O'Toole)
- ARC Discovery Project (DP220101026, 2022-2025; with Romina Palermo, Amy Dawel, Jason Bell, Eva Krumhuber)
- ARC Discovery Early Career Research Award (2019)
- ARC Discovery Project (DP170104602, 2017-2019; with Gill Rhodes, Romina Palermo and Andy Young)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders Postdoc Exchange Scheme (2017)
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders Cross Program grant (2016)
- Brain, EPS, ESRC, ARC, PsyPAG, and BPS assorted research, travel and dissemination funding (2009-2026)
- ESRC Student Internship (Cybercrime, Home Office, 2012-2013)
- ESRC 1+3 Studentship (University of York, 2010-2014)
- Teaching
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Teaching Responsibilities
PG
Current Topics in Psychological Science
Social Psychology
UG
Social Psychology, Third Year
Face Recognition, Fourth Year Specialist Option
Non-course Teaching Responsibilities
The Psychology of Face AI
- Publications
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Training humans to detect AI-generated faces
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 123, no. 27, e2602122123Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
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Time, space and feature similarity determine attractive and repulsive serial biases in trustworthiness impressions
BMC BiologyContributions to Journals: ArticlesTesting stimulus generalisation as a mechanism for impression formation
Cognition, vol. 270, 106414Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Introducing the Naturalistic Expression Labeling Task (NELT): Associations with posed expression labeling, empathy, and general cognitive ability
Behavior Research Methods, vol. 58, no. 5, 116Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Early Emergence of Spontaneous Trait Content in Children's Unconstrained Impressions of Faces
Developmental Science, vol. 29, no. 2, e70149Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Too good to be true: Synthetic AI faces are more average than real faces and super-recognizers know it
British Journal of PsychologyContributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
Conceptual trait associations predict impressions of highly variable faces
British Journal of Psychology, vol. 117, no. 1, pp. 337-355Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Eye believe you: gaze direction affects the perceived believability of facial expressions displayed by computer-generated people
Cognition and EmotionContributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Rating traits together or apart: Presentation format affects first impression judgements
Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyContributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
Stereotypical Bias Amplification, and Reversal, in an Experimental Model of Human Interaction with Generative AI
Royal Society Open Science, 241472Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Idiosyncratic and shared contributions shape impressions from voices and faces
Cognition, vol. 251, 105881Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Large-scale cross-societal examination of real-and minimal-group biases
Nature Human BehaviourContributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
Negative aftereffects of face trait impressions are modulated by emotional expressions
Visual Cognition, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 192-214Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
AI Hyperrealism: Why AI Faces Are Perceived as More Real Than Human Ones
Psychological Science, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 1390-1403Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Can you spot the AI impostors?: We found AI faces can look more real than actual humans
The ConversationContributions to Specialist Publications: Articles- [ONLINE]
A first impression of the future
British Journal of Psychology, vol. 114, no. 4Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Three's a crowd: Fast ensemble perception of first impressions of trustworthiness
Cognition, vol. 239, 105540Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Consultation Response to the UK Government’s Policy Proposals on AI Regulation: A Pro-Innovation Approach
51cg: School of Law. 20 pages.Other Contributions: Other ContributionsThe Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset
Scientific Data, vol. 10, no. 1, 87Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Children show neural sensitivity to facial trustworthiness as measured by fast periodic visual stimulation
Neuropsychologia, vol. 180, 108488Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Accuracy in Facial Trustworthiness Impressions: Kernel of Truth or Modern Physiognomy? A Meta-Analysis
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 1580-1596Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
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Trustworthiness perception is mandatory: Task instructions do not modulate fast periodic visual stimulation trustworthiness responses
Journal of Vision, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1-19Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Understanding trait impressions from faces
British Journal of Psychology, vol. 113, no. 4, pp. 1056-1078Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Children’s Dynamic Use of Face and Behavior-Based Cues in an Economic Trust Game
Developmental Psychology, vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 2275-2286Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
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In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries
Affective Science, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 577-602Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
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A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 119, no. 22, pp. e2111091119Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Development of face-based trustworthiness impressions in childhood: A systematic review and metaanalysis
Cognitive Development , vol. 61, 101131Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Evidence for a Kernel of Truth in Children’s Facial Impressions of Children’s Niceness, but not Shyness
Developmental Psychology, vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 1822-1839Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Human oversight of Facial Recognition Technology in forensic applications
Non-textual Forms: Web Publications and Websites- [ONLINE]
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Commentary to the Commission’s proposal for the “AI Act” – Response to selected issues
Non-textual Forms: Web Publications and Websites- [ONLINE]
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A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 5, pp. 1089–1110Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Adults’ facial impressions of children’s niceness, but not shyness, show modest accuracy
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 2328-2347Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Evaluating Face Identification Expertise: Turning Theory into Practice. Digested Analysis
Contributions to Conferences: Other Contributions- [ONLINE]
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Reply to Cook and Over: Social learning and evolutionary mechanisms are not mutually exclusive
PNAS, vol. 117, pp. 16114-16115Contributions to Specialist Publications: Letters- [ONLINE] DOI:
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Appearance-based trust processing in schizophrenia
British Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 139-153Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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How We Judge Children Based on their Faces
Non-textual Forms: Web Publications and Websites- [ONLINE]
Individual differences in trust evaluations are shaped mostly by environments, not genes
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 117, no. 19, pp. 10218-10224Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE]
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- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Do facial first impressions reflect a shared social reality?
British Journal of Psychology, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 215-232Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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An objective and reliable electrophysiological marker for implicit trustworthiness perception.
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 337-346Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE]
- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Best-worst scaling improves measurement of first impressions
Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, vol. 4, 36Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Should I trust you? Autistic traits predict reduced appearance-based trust decisions
British Journal of Psychology, vol. 110, no. 4, pp. 617-634Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Testing the functional basis of first impressions: Dimensions for children’s faces are not the same as for adults’ faces
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 117, no. 5, pp. 900-924Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Children show adult-like facial appearance biases when trusting others
Developmental Psychology, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 1694-1701Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Sexual unfaithfulness can be judged with some accuracy from men's but not women's faces
Royal Society Open Science, vol. 6, no. 4, 181552Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Impressions of sexual unfaithfulness and their accuracy show a degree of universality
PloS ONE, vol. 13, no. 10, 0205716Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Facial first impressions and partner preference models: comparable or distinct underlying structures?
British Journal of Psychology, vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 538-563Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Facial First Impressions Across Culture: Data-Driven Modeling of Chinese and British Perceivers’ Unconstrained Facial Impressions
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 521-537Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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The unique contributions of perceiver and target characteristics in person perception
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 113, no. 4, pp. 513-529Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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A dissociation in judgements of confidence in people with dandruff based on self‐reports compared to reports from other observers
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 457-464Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
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Facial image manipulation: A tool for investigating social perception
Social Psychological and Personality Science, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 538-551Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Facial first impressions from another angle: How social judgements are influenced by changeable and invariant facial properties
British Journal of Psychology, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 397-415Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Choosing face: The curse of self in profile image selection
Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, vol. 2, 23Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Integrating social and facial models of person perception: Converging and diverging dimensions
Cognition, vol. 157, pp. 257-267Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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The neuropsychology of first impressions: Evidence from Huntington's disease
Cortex, vol. 85, pp. 100-115Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Personality judgments from everyday images of faces
Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 6, 1616Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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The nature of online offending
Home Office. 26 pagesBooks and Reports: Commissioned Reports- [ONLINE]
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Face gender and stereotypicality influence facial trait evaluation: Counter-stereotypical female faces are negatively evaluated
British Journal of Psychology, vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 186-208Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
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A basic guide to Psychomorph
Books and Reports: Other Reports- [OPEN ACCESS]
Hearing brighter: Changing in-depth visual perception through looming sounds
Cognition, vol. 132, no. 3, pp. 312-323Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
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Modeling first impressions from highly variable facial images
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 111, no. 32, pp. E3353-E3361Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Facial Stereotype Visualization Through Image Averaging
Social Psychological and Personality Science, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 615-623Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
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Social inferences from faces: Ambient images generate a three-dimensional model
Cognition, vol. 127, no. 1, pp. 105-118Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
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