Following his BSc Hons and PhD in Zoology, Professor Fowler worked on ovarian hormones in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 51cg. In 2000, he moved to the 51cg’s Institute of Medical Sciences and was its director for 6 years (2015-21). His work elucidates mechanisms regulating/dysregulating reproduction and development. He has over 170 peer-reviewed publications and book chapters and co-authored numerous European Food Standards Agency opinions. Since 2000, his research focused principally on effects of environmental/lifestyle exposures, including maternal smoking, obesity, and medication use. This aims to understand disruption of fetal development and health, principally using normal first and second trimester human fetus. Since 2009 he has led/participated in 4 large EU research programmes studying endocrine disruption and received MRC, BBSRC, Wellcome Trust, charities and PARC (Partnership of the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals, 2022-2029) funding. In 2023 he was awarded the Anne McLaren Distinguished Scientist award by the Society for Reproduction & Fertility.
Air pollution nanoparticles get into fetal human organs in the 1st and 2nd trimester
Scientific Advisory member - A Plastic Planet, , 2026-
Named signatory of an open Letter to the UK health secretaries and ministers calling for Universal Lead Screening, 2026:
Named signatory & contributor, of a Letter to UK Ministers concerning the need for tighter regulation on toys, especially with respect to PFAS and compliance with improved EU standards, 2025:
Named signatory & contributor, of a Letter to UK Ministers from PFAS Experts on need for Regulation, 2024:
Member: Endocrine Society - Endocrine Disrupting Compound Advisory Group, 2024-
Member UK PARC (Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals) Steering Group 2022-2029
Member, Breast Cancer UK Independent Scientific Review Panel, 2022-
Member, UKRI Future Leaders Panels, 2022-
Named, invited, signatory of the Consensus Statement on paracetamol use during pregnancy – a call for precautionary action 2021
Review Editor, Frontiers in Toxicology - Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology, 2020-
Member, Editorial Board, Molecular Human Reproduction, 2019-
Member, EFSA FAF (Food Additives and Flavourings) Panel, 2018-2024
Member, EFSA Flavourings Working Group, 2018-2024
Chair, EFSA Special Working Group on the evaluation of substances used to reduce microbial contamination from products of animal origin, 2018
Member Editorial Board, Scientific Reports, 2017-18
Member, Glasgow Children’s Hospital Charity Research Fund Steering Committee, 2017-20
Member, Panel 14 (Pathophysiology) of the French National Research Agency, 2017-2019
Vice-chair, HCERES (was AERES) research & tertiary education evaluation committee, France, 2014
Expert panel member, Endocrine Society & EU sponsored report & publications “Economic costs of endocrine disrupting compounds”. 2014-2016
Rapporteur for COST action TN1201 “genderSTE”, 2014
Member Editorial Board, Endocrinology, 2014-2017
External Examiner, taught Masters in Medical Science: Assisted Reproduction Technology, University of Nottingham, 2013-2016
Member, Society for Reproduction & Fertility Programme committee, 2013-2017
Member, AERES (now HCERES) research & tertiary education evaluation committee, France, 2013
Member, Promotions Panel, Technical University of Denmark, 2013
Named, invited, signatory of the Berlaymont Declaration on Endocrine Disruptors,
Member, Expert Review Panel to assess applications submitted to 2012 CRACK IT Challenges
Member, Expert Working Group on Bisphenol A (BPA) toxicology of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2012-14
Member, Gendered Innovations, FP7 case study panel, 2012
Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology, UK (FRSB), 2010
Member, Standing Evaluation Panel, Environmental Pollution at the Swedish Research Council Formas, 2010
Member, Scientific Committee, 5th Copenhagen Workshop on Endocrine Disrupters, 2009
Chair, Society for Reproduction & Fertility, 2009-2013
External Examiner, year 3 Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh, 2008-2013
External Examiner, Masters by Research (MRes), St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, 2008-2012
Editorial Advisory Board for Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2005-2009
Society for Reproduction and Fertility, Council Member, 2005-2013
Editorial Board of the journal Reproductive Biology & Endocrinology, 2002-2008
Chair, Local Organising Committee for Fertility 2003, joint meeting of BAS, BFS, SRF, 2000-2003. This conference was held in Aberdeen July 13-17 2003 and is considered to be one of the most successful Fertility conferences, with 685 delegates and £45,000 surplus
Society for Reproduction & Fertility, Meetings Committee, 2000-2004
Acted on various BFS/SRF sub-committees, including scientific referee for abstracts, poster/presentation judge and assessment of applications for the Serono/BFS Studentships etc
British Fertility Society Committee, 1993-1996
Latest Publications
Modeling maternal immune activation in 3D ex vivo human fetal brain cerebroids reveals IL-17A-driven disruption of cortical development
Assir, M. Z. K., Yanakiev, M. S., Gim, D. H., Valkila, S. S., Muscolino, P., Liu, P., Lecante, L. L., Fowler, P. A., Berg, D., Kang, E.
Nature Neuroscience
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
Comparison of steroidogenic disruption in adrenal H295R and ovarian KGN and COV434 cell models and the implications to assess female reproductive toxicity
Vazakidou, P., Koopmans, C., Nijmeijer, S., Lecante, L. L., Liu, P., Mazaud Guittot, S., Fowler, P. A. F., Leonards, P. E., van Duursen, M. B.
Reproductive Toxicology, vol. 139, pp. 109088
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Deciphering cell-type-and temporally specific matrisome expression signatures in human cortical development and neurodevelopmental disorders via scRNA-seq meta-analysis
Gim, D. H., Assir, M. Z. K., Soper, O., Fowler, P. A. F., Morgan, M., Berg, D., Kang, E.
Nature Communications, vol. 16, 9907
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Linking epidemiology and genomics of maternal smoking during pregnancy in utero and in ageing: a population-based study using human foetuses and the UK Biobank cohort
Mihov, M., Shoctor, H., Douglas, A., Hay, D. C., O'Shaughnessy, P. J., Iredale, J. P., Shaw, S., Fowler, P. A. F., Grassmann, F.
EBioMedicine, vol. 114, 1055590
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Deciphering Cell-Type and Temporal-Specific Matrisome Expression Signatures in Human Cortical Development and Neurodevelopmental Disorders via scRNA-Seq Meta-Analysis
Gim, D. H., Assir, M. Z. K., Fowler, P. A. F., Morgan, M., Berg, D., Kang, E.
Since the breakthrough epidemiological studies of the 1980s it has been clear that adult human health is dependent upon fetal development and fetal programming (‘early life programming’). Fetal growth restriction, for example, can lead to hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease in the adult. This fetal programming is also termed "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease" (DOHaD) or "Fetal Origins of Adult Disease. Dysfunctional changes in the fetus can arise through a range of mechanisms, such as:
maternal cigarette smoking
maternal obesity
maternal deprivation
maternal nutrition
maternal environmental pollutant exposure (such as air pollution)
The health trajectory of an individual offspring is likely to depend upon a range of maternal and lifestyle factors, including the chemical burden carried at birth. Fetal pollutant exposure has clear adverse effects on development but we have very little knowledge about levels of fetal exposure to “real-life” complex pollutant cocktails and developmental consequences. This fundamental lack of knowledge is a major impasse to developing strategies for reducing fetal pollutant burdens and predicting likely health outcomes. Available data is limited, and often indirect (i.e. animal models or surrogates of exposure), but all studies suggest that fetal pollutant exposure affects lifelong health outcomes and, thereby, impacts on the general economy.
As well as laboratory-based studies of the human fetus my group has also become involved in epidemiological studies in the same field. Our intention with this move is to improve linkage between the individual fetus/mother (laboratory) and population-wide (epidemiology) analyses of maternal environment/lifestyle effects on the fetus and its future health.
Our aim is to understand how maternal factors disturb human fetal development, leading to offspring with greater risk of adverse health outcomes.
Our objective is to identify mechanisms linking these maternal factors with sub-optimal fetal development and lifelong health burdens.
Research Areas
Accepting PhDs
I am currently accepting PhDs in Biological and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Sciences.
Please get in touch if you would like to discuss your research ideas further.
Our research specialisms are based on the Higher Education Classification of Subjects (HECoS) which is , published under the licence.
Current Research
Current Team
Dr Peng Liu (post-doc)
Dr Laetitia Lecante (Wellcome Trust Independent Fellow)
Ms Frankie Alcock (Research technician)
Cosupervised PhD students: Katharina Kusse (Prof Val Speirs 1°) & Francesca Moramarco (Prof Peter McCaffery 1°)
RECENT TEAM MEMBERS
Dr Laetitia Lecante (post-doc)
Dr Pan Filis (post-doc)
Dr Natasha Walker (PhD funded Glasgow Children's Hospital Charity)
Dr Chiara Talia (PhD funded by EU MSCA-ITN PROTECTED)
Dr Aikaterini Zafeiri (EASTBIO PhD student)
Dr Claire Walker (Research technician)
Recent Visiting Scientists
Mr Ajay Yadav, 3 months secondment as part of PROTECTED MSCA-ITN, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
Ms Laetitia Lecante (3 months visit, Universite de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, PhD student)
Mr Glen Gauderat (3 months on Royal Society grant: Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse, France, PhD student)
Ms Hanna Johansson (Technical University of Denmark, PhD student)
Current Project Highlight
INITIALISE (Inflammation in human early life: targeting impacts on life-course health) is an EU funded project that aims to elucidate how exposures and genome impact gut microbiome, host immune system and metabolism, and how the interplay of these factors impact life-course health. INITIALISE aims to define the role of the maturation of the immune system as a mediator between exposures and life-course health.
Highlight publication:
Recent plenary and invited presentations
Human in utero exposures to air pollution. Symposium 5: The many faces of environmental disruption symposium, European Congress of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic, 9-10 May 2026.
The exposed human fetus. Fertility 2026, Edinburgh, UK, 7-10 January 2026.
In the womb – the influence of in-utero exposures on our children. Association of Early Pregnancy Units scientific meeting, Glasgow, 13-14 November 2025.
The human fetus is at risk. Invited seminar: Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration & Repair, University of Edinburgh, UK, 21 February 2025.
Black carbon nanoparticles can locally alter human fetal airway epithelial transcriptomes. UKHSA Annual Outdoor and Indoor Air Pollution Research Review Meeting, Bristol, 26 November 2024.
What happens in the womb doesn’t stay in the womb. 9th NHS Grampian Research Conference “Mind the Gap” and the NHS Research Scotland Reproductive Health & Childbirth Event. Aberdeen, UK, 04-05 October 2024.
Proof of concept: associating the presence of nanoparticles with localised gene expression in the human fetal lung. 9th NHS Grampian Research Conference “Mind the Gap” and the NHS Research Scotland Reproductive Health & Childbirth Event. Aberdeen, UK, 04-05 October 2024.
Chemical pollutants and the human fetus. UK-PARC Science Day, Birmingham, 21-22 May 2024.
Maternal smoking: revisiting the estrogen hypothesis and effects on receptor activation. 10th Copenhagen Workshop on Endocrine Disruptors, Copenhagen, Denmark, 11-14 March 2024.
Prenatal exposure to environmental pollution and long-term outcomes in children. 31stWorld Congress on Controversies in Obstetrics, Gynecology & Infertility (COGI), Vienna, Austria, 23-25 November 2023.
Selecting the right model for your research. SfE BES Conference 2023, Glasgow, 13-15 November 2023.
Maternal exposure to air pollution nanoparticles and adverse birth outcomes. CHE (Collaborative on Health and the Environment) Webinar 19 January 2023.
Laying the foundations for future life and reproduction. Distinguished Scientist (Anne McLaren) Award Lecture. Fertility 2023, Belfast, 10-13 January 2023.
Toxicants and maternal lifestyle disturb human fetal developmental programming. Society for Reproductive Investigation Annual Conference, Fetal Physiology Satellite meeting, Boston, July 2021.
Exposure to the complex mixture of environmental chemicals found in human biosolids. Virtual University of Michigan Symposium on Chemical Mixtures, 12 February 2021.
Maternal lifestyle, endocrine disruption and the developing fetus. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 19 February 2020, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Preparing for a healthy life – maternal lifestyle and fetal programming. Toxalim, 12 October 2018, Toulouse, France.
Effect of prenatal exposure to environmental toxins on female reproduction. Fertility 2018, 4-6 January 2018, Liverpool, UK.
Evidence for EDC involvement in reproductive dysfunction in women. Invited seminar at , Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala (CRU) and Swedish Toxicological Sciences Research Centre (SWETOX), 12-16 June 2016, Uppsala, Sweden.
Real-world chemical mixtures disturb fetal endocrine systems and gonad development humans and animal models. Symposium: “Mixtures, medicines and diet, where now for endocrine disrupting compounds?” ECE2016: European Congress of Endocrinology, 28-31 May 2016, Munich, Germany.
Sex, drugs, oestrogens and the human fetus. Invited public talk, , 1 October 2015, Aberdeen, UK.
New insights into human fetal development: endogenous oestrogens, maternal smoking and gene methylation. , 27-30 April 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Environmental factors in sex differences and metabolism. , 18-20 February 2015, Edinburgh, UK.
Taking painkillers in pregnancy more likely to lead to complications
Zafeiri A, Raja EA, Mitchell RT, Hay DC, Bhattacharya S, Fowler PA. BMJ Open. 2022 May 3;12(5):e048092. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048092.
Knowledge Exchange
Public and Policy Engagement
Contributor to Royal Society of Medicine webinar My presentation: Health impacts across the life course: fertility, development and beyond.03/09/2026.
Speaker at 2026 , Topic 4: “The Fertility Exposome: Environmental Determinants of Fertility and Clinical Implications”, London, 16/07/2026.
Contributor at and briefing for MPs on Toy Safety, UK Parliament, London 07/07/2026.
Speaker at House of Lords event launching the PlasticFree Babies campaign “Protecting the first 1000 days, a National Emergency Briefing” () 09/06/2026.
Interview with SelectScience on the subject of PFAS “forever chemicals” as part of their Toxicity & Biomonitoring ( ) section: 27/03/2026.
Contributor to Born Green Generation ( and ) workshop: Fourth workshop in the Born Green Generation Fast Followers program, focusing on health impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals and communication skills training 08/06/2026.
Interviewed about PFAS in Forever chemicals: MPs call for ban on controversial substances. BMJ 2026, 393 .
Speaker at The Conduit event: The hidden problem – EDCs impact on human health. This coincided with the release of the Netflix documentary “A Plastic Detox”. London, UK, 6/03/2026. Event reviewed here:
Introduction to EDCs + a case study. Society for Endocrinology Webinar: 18/10/2024.
Maternal exposure to air pollution nanoparticles and adverse birth outcomes. CHE (Collaborative on Health and the Environment) Webinar 19 January 2023.
“”, Nature 528, 2015.
“”, Scientific American, April 2016.
“Science Unwrapped: Fertility”, BBC Radio programme and Naked Scientists podcast “Is modern life affecting fertility?” 21st March 2017.
“” The Conversation 14/02/2019
PODCAST: Hormones: The Inside Story. Series 1: Episode 6 . Also see , Society for Endocrinology.
Naked Scientists “Endocrine disruptors and fertility” BBC Radio interview & podcast, 26/02/2021
Editor, , UK Parliament: Urban Outdoor Air Quality. January 2023.
Cited in Written evidence from Asthma and Lung UK (PHS0399) HSCC Inquiry on
Collaborations
RECENT & CURRENT
Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-Life), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
IRSET, Rennes, France
IRSET, Rennes, France
LABERCA, Nantes-Atantique National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science & Engineering (ONIRIS), Nantes, France
SARAF, Nantes-Atantique National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science & Engineering (ONIRIS), Nantes, France
, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK
MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland
TOXALIM, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse, France
Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland
also partners in the following EU projects:
INITIALISE
FREIA
PARC
PROTECTED
Funding and Grants
Career total = £28 million
major grants:
2007-10 Wellcome Trust (080388) Effect of in-utero exposure to environmental chemicals via maternal pasture ingestion on fetal development. £426k [PI: collaboration with Macaulay, Edinburgh, Glasgow & INRA]
2008-12 European Commission FP7 (212855) Reproductive effects of environmental chemicals in females (REEF). £2,646k. (PI: collaboration with Macaulay, Edinburgh, INRA, Nottingham, Martin-Luther, Milan]
2009-11 Chief Scientist Office (CZB/4/742) Bioincubator system to model toxic effects on the human fetal testis. £62k [PI]
2014-17 MRC (L010011/1) The human fetal liver: development and response to maternal drug use. £589k [PI: collaboration with Glasgow, Edinburgh]
2014-18 MRC DTP (K501335/1) Development of the human fetal adrenal gland and effects of maternal smoking. £63k [CoI: Bellingham, Glasgow is PI]
2016-19 Glasgow Children’s Hospital Charity (YRSS/PHD/2016/05) Maternal smoking, drinking and deprivation: when and how of placental damage. £60k [PI: collaboration with Glasgow]
2017-21 European Commission H2020 MSCA-ITN (722634) PROTECTion against Endocrine Disruptors; detection, mixtures, health effects, risk assessment and communication(). £3,152k [CoI: Connolly Queen’s Belfast is PI]
2017-20 MRC (L011535/1) Sex-specific disease aetiology from developmental steroid insults: mechanistic understanding and biomarker development towards disease prevention. £637k [CoI: Rae, Edinburgh is PI]
2017-21 BBSRC EASTBIO DTP Mechanisms via which the human fetus is at risk from over-the-counter analgesics. £97k [PI: collaboration with Edinburgh]
2018-21 Arthritis Research UK (21800) Unlocking the joint morphogenetic code in mesenchymal stem cells from human synovium. £328k [CoI: De Bari is PI]
2019-24 European Commission H2020 (825100) Female Reproductive toxicity of Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs): a human evidence-based screening and Identification Approach (). £5,217k [CoI: van Duursen, VU Amsterdam, is PI]
2022-25 Cunningham Trust (PhD-CT-21-18) Discovery of retinoic acid receptor control of stress granules as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. £97k [CoI: Mccaffery, Aberdeen, is PI]
2022-25 BCUK (2122029) Evaluating the effects of BPA on breast cancer development. £99k [CoI: Speirs, Aberdeen, is PI]
2022-25 MRC (MR/W015439/1) Towards a novel treatment targeting obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. £380k [CoI: Duncan, Edinburgh, is PI]
2022-29 European Commission, Horizon Europe (10045444) Partnership for the assessment of risks from chemicals (). €400 million cofund [CoI: ANSES+199 other institutions/agencies]
2023-27 European Commission, Horizon Europe (101094099) Inflammation in human early life: targeting impacts on life-course health (). £6,209k [CoI: Oresic, University of Turku is PI]
Modeling maternal immune activation in 3D ex vivo human fetal brain cerebroids reveals IL-17A-driven disruption of cortical development
Assir, M. Z. K., Yanakiev, M. S., Gim, D. H., Valkila, S. S., Muscolino, P., Liu, P., Lecante, L. L., Fowler, P. A., Berg, D., Kang, E.
Nature Neuroscience
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
Comparison of steroidogenic disruption in adrenal H295R and ovarian KGN and COV434 cell models and the implications to assess female reproductive toxicity
Vazakidou, P., Koopmans, C., Nijmeijer, S., Lecante, L. L., Liu, P., Mazaud Guittot, S., Fowler, P. A. F., Leonards, P. E., van Duursen, M. B.
Reproductive Toxicology, vol. 139, pp. 109088
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Deciphering cell-type-and temporally specific matrisome expression signatures in human cortical development and neurodevelopmental disorders via scRNA-seq meta-analysis
Gim, D. H., Assir, M. Z. K., Soper, O., Fowler, P. A. F., Morgan, M., Berg, D., Kang, E.
Nature Communications, vol. 16, 9907
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Linking epidemiology and genomics of maternal smoking during pregnancy in utero and in ageing: a population-based study using human foetuses and the UK Biobank cohort
Mihov, M., Shoctor, H., Douglas, A., Hay, D. C., O'Shaughnessy, P. J., Iredale, J. P., Shaw, S., Fowler, P. A. F., Grassmann, F.
EBioMedicine, vol. 114, 1055590
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Deciphering Cell-Type and Temporal-Specific Matrisome Expression Signatures in Human Cortical Development and Neurodevelopmental Disorders via scRNA-Seq Meta-Analysis
Gim, D. H., Assir, M. Z. K., Fowler, P. A. F., Morgan, M., Berg, D., Kang, E.
Working Papers: Preprint Papers
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
The profile of steroid hormones in human fetal and adult ovaries
Vazakidou, P., Evangelista, S., Li, T., Lecante, L. L., Rosenberg, K., Koekkoek, J., Salumets, A., Velthut-Meikas, A., Damdimopoulou, P., Mazaud-Guittot, S., Fowler, P. A., Leonards, P. E., van Duursen, M. B.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, vol. 22, 60
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
[ONLINE]
IL-17A Alters Human Cortical Development in a 3D Ex Vivo Model of Maternal Immune Activation
Assir, M. Z. K., Yanakiev, M. S., Gim, D. H., Valkila, S. S., Muscolino, P., Liu, P., Fowler, P. A. F., Berg, D., Kang, E.
Working Papers: Preprint Papers
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
In utero exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances and the human fetal liver metabolome in Scotland: a cross-sectional study
Hyötyläinen, T., McGlinchey, A., Salihovic, S., Schubert, A., Douglas, A., Hay, D. C., O'Shaughnessy, P. J., Iredale, J. P., Shaw, S., Fowler, P. A., Orešič, M.
The Lancet Planetary Health, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. e5-e17
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Maternal exposure to ambient black carbon particles and their presence in maternal and fetal circulation and organs: an analysis of two independent population-based observational studies
Bongaerts, E., Lecante, L. L., Bové, H., Roeffaers, M. B. J., Ameloot, M., Fowler, P. A., Nawrot, T. S.
The lancet. Planetary health, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. e804-e811
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
P06-20 Characterisation of the effects of Ketoconazole and Diethylstilbestrol on the human fetal adrenal
Lecante, L. L., Lelandais, P., Mazaud-Guittot, S., Fowler, P. A.
XVIth International Congress of Toxicology, pp. S120
Contributions to Journals: Abstracts
[ONLINE] DOI:
Exposure to a Human Relevant Mixture of Persistent Organic Pollutants or to Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid Alone Dysregulates the Developing Cerebellum of Chicken Embryo
Yadav, A., Verhaegen, S., Filis, P., Domanska, D., Lyle, R., Sundaram, A. Y., Leithaug, M., Østby, G. C., Aleksandersen, M., Berntsen, H. F., Zimmer, K. E., Fowler, P., Paulsen, R. E., Ropstad, E.
Environment International, vol. 166, 107379
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
[ONLINE]
BPA disrupts meiosis I in oogonia by acting on pathways including cell cycle regulation, meiosis initiation and spindle assembly
Loup, B., Poumerol, E., Jouneau, L., Fowler, P. A., Cotinot, C., Mandon-Pepin, B.
Reproductive Toxicology, vol. 111, pp. 166-177
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and risk of liver disease in an ovine model of ‘PCOS males
Siemienowicz, K. J., Filis, P., Thomas, J., Fowler, P. A., Colin Duncan, W., Rae, M. T.
Biomedicines, vol. 10, no. 6, 1291
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Maternal over-the-counter analgesics use during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: Cohort study of 151,141 singleton pregnancies
Zafeiri, A., Raja, E. A., Mitchell, R. T., Hay, D. C., Bhattacharya, S., Fowler, P.
BMJ Open, vol. 12, no. 5, e048092
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
[ONLINE]
Ovine fetal testis stage-specific sensitivity to environmental chemical mixtures
Lea, R., Mandon-Pepin, B., Loup, B., Poumerol, E., Jouneau, L., F Egbowon, B., Bowden, A., Cotinot, C., Purdie, L., Zhang, Z., Fowler, P., Sinclair, K.
Reproduction, vol. 163, no. 2, pp. 119-131
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
[ONLINE]
Maternal over-the-counter analgesics use during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: cohort study of 151,141 singleton pregnancies
Zafeiri, A., Raja, E. A., Hay, D. C., Mitchell, R. T., Bhattacharya, S., Fowler, P. A.
Human Reproduction, vol. 36, no. S1, pp. 469-469
Contributions to Journals: Abstracts
[ONLINE] DOI:
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 203, Revision 2 (FGE.203Rev2): α,β-unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes and precursors from chemical subgroup 1.1.4 of FGE.19 with two or more conjugated double-bonds and with or without additional non-conjugated double-bonds
Silano, V., Bolognesi, C., Castle, L., Chipman, K., Cravedi, J., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Franz, R., Grob, K., Husøy, T., Kärenlampi, S., Mennes, W., Milana, M. R., Pfaff, K., Riviere, G., Srinivasan, J., Tavares Poças, M. d. F., Tlustos, C., Wölfle, D., Zorn, H., Binderup, M., Marcon, F., Marzin, D., Mosesso, P., Anastassiadou, M., Carfì, M., Gürtler, R., EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 16, pp. e05322
Contributions to Specialist Publications: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Six Decades of Research on Human Fetal Gonadal Steroids
Connan-Perrot, S., Léger, T., Lelandais, P., Desdoits-Lethimonier, C., David, A., Fowler, P. A., Mazaud-Guittot, S.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 22, no. 13, 6681
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
The mammalian ovary: Concerns about evaluation of prenatal environmental exposures
Lecante, L., Lelandais, P., Mazaud Guittot, S., Fowler, P. A. F.
Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research, vol. 18, pp. 171-177
Contributions to Journals: Review articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Safety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gundert-Remy, U., Gürtler, R., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Corsini, E., Cubadda, F., De Groot, D., FitzGerald, R., Gunnare, S., Gutleb, A. C., Mast, J., Mortensen, A., Oomen, A., Piersma, A., Plichta, V., Ulbrich, B., Van Loveren, H., Benford, D., Bignami, M., Bolognesi, C., Crebelli, R., Dusinska, M., Marcon, F., Nielsen, E., Schlatter, J., Vleminckx, C., Barmaz, S., Carfí, M., Civitella, C., Giarola, A., Rincon, A. M., Serafimova, R., Smeraldi, C., Tarazona, J., Tard, A., Wright, M., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 19, no. 5, e06585
Contributions to Journals: Articles
[ONLINE] DOI:
[OPEN ACCESS]
Pubertal FGF21 deficit is central in the metabolic pathophysiology of an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome
Siemienowicz, K. J., Furmanska, K., Filis, P., Talia, C., Thomas, J., Fowler, P. A., Rae, M. T., Colin Duncan, W.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, vol. 525, 111196
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[ONLINE]
Scientific Guidance for the preparation of applications on smoke flavouring primary products
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gundert-Remy, U., Gürtler, R., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Benigni, R., Bolognesi, C., Boon, P., Chipman, K., De Knecht, J., Sahlin, U., Arcella, D., Barmaz, S., Carfì, M., Martino, C., Tard, A., Vianello, G., Engel, K., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 19
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[ONLINE]
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 13 Revision 3 (FGE.13Rev3): furfuryl and furan derivatives with and without additional side-chain substituents and heteroatoms from chemical group 14
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gundert-Remy, U., Gürtler, R., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Benigni, R., Bolognesi, C., Chipman, K., Cordelli, E., Degen, G., Marzin, D., Svendsen, C., Carfì, M., Vianello, G., Mennes, W., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 19, pp. e06386
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[ONLINE]
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 67, Revision 3 (FGE.67Rev3): consideration of 23 furan-substituted compounds evaluated by JECFA at the 55th, 65th, 69th and 86th meetings
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gundert-Remy, U., Gürtler, R., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Benigni, R., Bolognesi, C., Chipman, K., Cordelli, E., Degen, G., Marzin, D., Svendsen, C., Carfì, M., Vianello, G., Mennes, W., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 19, pp. e06362
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[ONLINE]
The insulin-like growth factor system: a target for endocrine disruptors?
Talia, C., Connolly, L., Fowler, P. A.
Environment International, vol. 147, 106311
Contributions to Journals: Review articles
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[ONLINE]
Over-the-counter analgesics during pregnancy: a comprehensive review of global prevalence and offspring safety
Zafeiri, A., Mitchell, R. T., Hay, D. C., Fowler, P. A.
Human Reproduction Update, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 67–95
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[ONLINE]
Opinion on the re-evaluation of pectin (E 440i) and amidated pectin (E 440ii) as food additives in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow-up of their re-evaluation as food additives for uses in foods for all population groups
EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF), Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gürtler, R., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Dusemund, B., Mortensen, A., Turck, D., Barmaz, S., Tard, A., Vianello, G., Gundert-Remy, U.
EFSA Journal, vol. 19, no. 1, e06387
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Re-evaluation of polydextrose (E 1200) as a food additive
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Fürst, P., Gürtler, R., Gundert-Remy, U., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, D. H., Wölfle, D., Boon, P., Crebelli, R., Domenico, A. D., Filipič, M., Mortensen, A., Woutersen, R., Loveren, H. V., Giarola, A., Lodi, F., Rincon, A. M., Tard, A., Fernandez, M. J. F., Wright, M., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 19, pp. e06363
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[ONLINE]
Early pregnancy maternal progesterone administration alters pituitary and testis function and steroid profile in male fetuses
Siemienowicz, K., Wang, Y., Marečková, M., NioKobayash, J., Fowler, P. A., Rae, M. T., Colin Duncan, W.
Scientific Reports, vol. 10, 21920
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[ONLINE]
Genome-wide expression changes induced by bisphenol A, F and S in human stem cell derived hepatocyte-like cells
Lucendo-Villarin, B., Nell, P., Hellwig, B., Filis, P., Feuerborn, D., O'Shaughnessy, P. J., Godoy, P., Rahnenführer, J., Hengstler, J. G., Cherianidou, A., Sachinidis, A., Fowler, P. A., Hay, D. C.
EXCLI journal, vol. 19, pp. 1459-1476
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Opinion on the re-evaluation of lecithins (E 322) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow-up of its re-evaluation as food additive for uses in foods for all population groups
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gürtler, R., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Dusemund, B., Mortensen, A., Turck, D., Barmaz, S., Tard, A., Vianello, G., Gundert-Remy, U., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 18, pp. e06266
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 69, Revision 1 (FGE.69Rev1): consideration of aromatic substituted secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting), structurally related to aromatic ketones from chemical group 21 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.16Rev2
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gundert-Remy, U., Gürtler, R., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Benigni, R., Bolognesi, C., Chipman, K., Cordelli, E., Degen, G., Marzin, D., Svendsen, C., Mennes, W., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 18, pp. e06265
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Corrigendum. Testing the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis: intergenerational analysis of 317 dizygotic twins born in Aberdeen, Scotland
Talia, C., Raja, E., Bhattacharya, S., Fowler, P. A.
Human reproduction (Oxford, England), vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 2401-2402
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Putative adverse outcome pathways for female reproductive disorders to improve testing and regulation of chemicals
Johansson, H. K., Damdimopoulou, P., van Duursen, M. B., Boberg, J., Franssen, D., de Cock, M., Jääger, K., Wagner, M., Velthut-Meikas, A., Xie, Y., Connolly, L., Lelandais, P., Mazaud Guittot, S., Salumets, A., Draskau, M. K., Filis, P., Fowler, P. A., Christiansen, S., Parent, A., Svingen, T.
Archives of Toxicology, vol. 94, no. 10, pp. 3359-3379
Contributions to Journals: Review articles
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[ONLINE]
Expression of the Insulin-like Growth Factor system in first and second trimester human embryonic and fetal gonads
Mamsen, L. S., Zafeiri, A., Bøtkjær, J. A., Rasmussen, J. H., Ernst, E., Oxvig, C., Fowler, P. A., Andersen, C. Y.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 105, no. 9, pp. E3157-E3168
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Opinion on the re-evaluation of starch sodium octenyl succinate (E 1450) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and the follow-up of its re-evaluation as a food additive for uses in foods for all population groups
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gürtler, R., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Dusemund, B., Mortensen, A., Turck, D., Barmaz, S., Rincon, A. M., Smeraldi, C., Tard, A., Vianello, G., Gundert-Remy, U., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 18, pp. e05874
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Re-evaluation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (E 1201) and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (E 1202) as food additives and extension of use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (E 1201)
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Fürst, P., Gürtler, R., Gundert-Remy, U., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, D. H., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Boon, P., Crebelli, R., Di Domenico, A., Filipič, M., Mortensen, A., Woutersen, R., Van Loveren, H., Giarola, A., Lodi, F., Rincon, A. M., Tard, A., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 18, pp. e06215
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Testing the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis: Intergenerational analysis of 317 dizygotic twins born in Aberdeen, Scotland
Talia, C., Raja, E., Bhattacharya, S., Fowler, P. A.
Human Reproduction, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1702-1710
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[ONLINE]
[ONLINE]
Opinion on the re-evaluation of ascorbyl palmitate (E 304i) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and the follow-up of its re-evaluation as a food additive for uses in foods for all population groups
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gürtler, R., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Dusemund, B., Mortensen, A., Turck, D., Barmaz, S., Smeraldi, C., Tard, A., Vianello, G., Rincon, A. M., Gundert-Remy, U., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 18, pp. e06153
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Re-evaluation of sodium aluminium silicate (E 554) and potassium aluminium silicate (E 555) as food additives
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gürtler, R., Gundert-Remy, U., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, D. H., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Boon, P., Tobback, P., Rincon, A. M., Tard, A., Moldeus, P., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 18, pp. e06152
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 91, Revision 3 (FGE.91Rev3): consideration of aliphatic, aromatic and α,β-unsaturated sulfides and thiols evaluated by JECFA (53rd, 61st, 68th and 76th meetings), structurally related to substances in FGE.08Rev5
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gundert-Remy, U., Gürtler, R., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Moldeus, P., Oskarsson, A., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Benigni, R., Bolognesi, C., Chipman, K., Cordelli, E., Degen, G., Marzin, D., Svendsen, C., Vianello, G., Mennes, W., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 18, pp. e06154
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Dynamics of the transcriptional landscape during human fetal testis and ovary development
Lecluze, E., Rolland, A. D., Filis, P., Evrard, B., Leverrier-Penna, S., Ben Maamar, M., Coiffec, I., Lavoué, V., Fowler, P. A., Mazaud Guittot, S., Jégou, B., Chalmel, F.
Human Reproduction, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1099-1119
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Re-evaluation of dimethyl polysiloxane (E 900) as a food additive
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gürtler, R., Gundert-Remy, U., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, D. H., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Boon, P., Tobback, P., Giarola, A., Rincon, A. M., Tard, A., Moldeus, P., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 18, pp. e06107
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Safeguarding Female Reproductive Health against Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: The FREIA Project
van Duursen, M. B., Boberg, J., Christiansen, S., Connolly, L., Damdimopoulou, P., Filis, P., Fowler, P. A., Gadella, B. M., Holte, J., Jääger, K., Johansson, H. K., Li, T., Mazaud-Guittot, S., Parent, A., Salumets, A., Soto, A. M., Svingen, T., Velthut-Meikas, A., Wedebye, E. B., Xie, Y., van den Berg, M.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 21, no. 9, 3215
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[ONLINE]
Toward a better understanding of the effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on health: Human-relevant case studies from sheep models
Viguié, C., Chaillou, E., Gayrard, V., Picard-Hagen, N., Fowler, P. A.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, vol. 505, 110711
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[ONLINE]
Calretinin is a novel candidate marker for adverse ovarian effects of early life exposure to mixtures of endocrine disruptors in the rat
Johansson, H. K. L., Svingen, T., Boberg, J., Fowler, P. A., Stead, D., Vinggaard, A. M., Filis, P.
Archives of Toxicology, vol. 94, pp. 1241-1250
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[ONLINE]
Safety of a proposed amendment of the specifications for steviol glycosides (E 960) as a food additive: to expand the list of steviol glycosides to all those identified in the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gürtler, R., Gundert-Remy, U., Husøy, T., Manco, M., Mennes, W., Moldeus, P., Passamonti, S., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Wright, M., Degen, G., Giarola, A., Rincon, A. M., Castle, L., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 18, pp. e06106
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Testing the Twin Testosterone Transfer Hypothesis: Intergenerational Analysis of 317 Twins Born in Aberdeen, Scotland
Talia, C., Raja, E., Bhattacharya, S., Fowler, P. A.
67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society-for-Reproductive-Investigation (SRI), pp. 288A
Contributions to Journals: Abstracts
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[ONLINE]
Re-evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono- and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a-f) as food additives
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gürtler, R., Gundert-Remy, U., Husøy, T., Mennes, W., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, D. H., Wölfle, D., Boon, P., Tobback, P., Wright, M., Horvath, Z., Rincon, A. M., Moldeus, P., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 18, pp. e06032
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Re-evaluation of l(+)-tartaric acid (E 334), sodium tartrates (E 335), potassium tartrates (E 336), potassium sodium tartrate (E 337) and calcium tartrate (E 354) as food additives
Younes, M., Aquilina, G., Castle, L., Engel, K., Fowler, P., Frutos Fernandez, M. J., Fürst, P., Gürtler, R., Gundert-Remy, U., Husøy, T., Mennes, W., Shah, R., Waalkens-Berendsen, I., Wölfle, D., Boon, P., Tobback, P., Wright, M., Aguilera, J., Rincon, A. M., Tard, A., Moldeus, P., EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)
EFSA Journal, vol. 18, pp. e06030
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