LLB, MA, PhD, SFHEA, MCLDSC
Interdisciplinary Inst. Dir. - Social Inclusion & Cultural Diversity
- 51cg
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- Email Address
- r.k.shanks@abdn.ac.uk
- School/Department
- Provost





Biography
I research school uniform, dress codes and appearance policies, in particular how school uniform can be made more affordable, comfortable and sustainable.
In 2020 I issued a policy briefing on the affordability of school uniform in secondary schools in Scotland and discussed this with politicians across Scotland. Following these discussions, the manifestos for the Scottish Parliament elections in 2021 of three political parties included a commitment to national guidance on school uniform. Since then introducing national guidance on school uniform has been included in the Scottish Government programme of government and a national consultation on school uniform took place in 2022.
I have worked in higher education, community education, the trade union movement and the voluntary sector. In higher education, I have been a law lecturer, worked in the 51cg’s former Centre for Lifelong Learning and I am currently a Senior Lecturer in Education.
In the late 1990s, I led the Trade Union Congress partnership project Bargaining for Skills, in the East and West Midlands regions in England, working with trade unions, employers, colleges and Training and Enterprise Councils. I have also been an adult education tutor and worked for the National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux (NACAB) and a local Citizens Advice Bureau.
Memberships and Affiliations
- Internal Memberships
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- Member of the 51cg Research Committee, the Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Committee and the Education Committee
- Member of the Centre for Citizenship, Civil Society, and Rule of Law ()
- Member of the Centre for the North
- Member of the Aberdeen branch of the University and College Union (UCU)
- External Memberships
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- External Adviser for 2025-
- Member of 2025-
- Trustee of 2024-
- External Examiner University of Glasgow, MSc and MEd in Educational Studies 2024-2027
- Member of West Lothian Council and Improvement Service External Reference Group for a Child Poverty Accelerator Fund project 2024-2026
- Associate Editor of 2021-2026
- Member of the
- Registered Member of the
- Member of the
- Member of the
- Member of the
Prizes and Awards
Collaborative Award for Teaching Excellence (Advance HE) for the Teaching Qualification Further Education/ BA Professional Development Team, 2021.
- Research
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Research Overview
I research school uniform, dress codes and appearance policies, in particular how school uniforms can be made more affordable, comfortable and sustainable.
In 2020 I issued a policy briefing on the affordability of school uniform in secondary schools in Scotland and discussed this with politicians across Scotland. Following these discussions, the manifestos for the Scottish Parliament elections in 2021 of three political parties included a commitment to national guidance on school uniform. Since then introducing national guidance on school uniform has been included in the Scottish Government programme of government and a national consultation on school uniform took place in 2022.
I also research professional learning and mentoring covering both formal and informal learning, in particular during teacher induction.
Children and young people's rights combine my legal and community work background and my interest in social justice.
Research Areas
Accepting PhDs
I am currently accepting PhDs in Education.
Please get in touch if you would like to discuss your research ideas further.
Research Specialisms
- Work-Based Learning
- Social Policy
- Education Policy
Our research specialisms are based on the Higher Education Classification of Subjects (HECoS) which is , published under the licence.
Current Research
Mentoring
I am part of the European Educational Research Association-funded project .
Past Research
I was a Co-Investigator of (MQuITE)
Collaborations
I am a member of an international research network Children’s Human Rights Education which is being funded by the Swedish Research Council between 2021 and 2025. The members of this network aim to strengthen international collaboration in research into human rights education for children. Theory development, joint publications and funding applications are planned. The network has included researchers from regions that are underrepresented in children’s rights research.
Supervision
My current supervision areas are: Education.
Current PhD Students
- Shirley Gonsalves - Secular Mindfulness and Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, with Prof Kate Smith
- Sara Stroud - Radical placemaking in Aberdeen, with Dr Joe Pierce and Dr Rebecca Macklin
Completed PhDs
2026 Mohsen Jabali - Interactive Whiteboards, Dialogic Interactions, and Communicative Skills in Saudi Primary English as a Foreign Language Classrooms
2026 Tomisin Fadamoro - Integration of Blended Learning into the Nigerian Education Curriculum: STEM Teachers’ Perception of the Learning Management System (LMS) Technology
2025 Katrina Foy - Unearthing the New: A Diffractive Exploration of Digital Pedagogy as an Assemblage of Humans, Tools, Spaces and Ideas
2025 - ‘Diversity of Destinies’: The Impact of Islamic State on Higher Education in Eastern Syria
2025 Touria Jouilla - Exploring student services in Further Education access programmes
2024 Tracy Robbie - Teachers and local authority youth workers: a new collaborative model for supporting young people from disadvantaged backgrounds?
2023 - The Translation and Enactment of the Principle of Inclusive Pedagogy by Experienced Teachers
2021 Annette Moir - Exploration of children’s awareness of their coping strategies and enhancement of their resilience skills
2020 - Educators' views, experiences and approaches to cultural diversity: understanding pre-registration adult nursing education at a Scottish university
2020 Maryam Alnoaimi - Citizenship Education in the Kingdom of Bahrain: A case study exploring perceptions of school principals, senior teachers, teachers and students
2019 - Business Social Media Use by Remote Rural Micro Tourism Enterprises in the Scottish Highlands
2019 Madhawi Alharbi - Using Mobile Games in Teaching English as a Foreign Language Vocabulary at a Saudi Female High School (lead supervisor)
2019 Khanchai Wongchana - Thai University Student and Teacher Perceptions of Studying Tourism through English Using a CLIL Approach
2017 David Johnston - A Socio-Cultural Perspective on 'Belonging'
2017 Geraldine Prince - Art-Making and the Interpretation of Cultures: Cross-cultural teaching and learning in Edinburgh and Dubai
Funding and Grants
Co-investigator of NIHR Global Health Research Group project on promoting children’s and adolescents' mental wellbeing in sub-Saharan Africa. The 51cg, the University of Rwanda and Addis Ababa University are working together to design, deliver and evaluate the impact of a mindfulness intervention in schools on child and adolescent mental wellbeing in sub-Saharan Africa.
In 2021 I received pump-prime funding for interdisciplinary research from the 51cg for work on the Affordability and Sustainability of School Uniform. This pilot study has investigated the impact of school uniform banks on the affordability and sustainability of school uniforms in Scotland.
Principal Investigator of : New teachers’ responses to COVID-19: building on Initial Teacher Education for their professional learning.
Co-Investigator of (MQuITE) in Scotland funded by the Scottish Government 2017- A longitudinal study involving all higher education institutions that provide initial teacher education in Scotland.
Co-Investigator of (2018-22) Political Concepts in the World (). The POLITICO PhD programme builds on the success of the interdisciplinary training provided by the 51cg’s Centre for Citizenship, Civil Society and the Rule of Law (), which specializes in the global application of political ideas.
- Teaching
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Non-course Teaching Responsibilities
NVivo training for staff and postgraduate students
NIHR Global Health Research Group on promoting children’s and adolescent’s mental wellbeing in sub-Saharan Africa Project Lead for capacity building and training.
- Publications
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L’uniforme peut-il vraiment favoriser l’égalité entre les élèves ?
The ConversationContributions to Specialist Publications: Articles- [ONLINE]
‘The prison of the body’: school uniforms between discipline and governmentality
Discourse : studies in the cultural politics of education , vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 16-29Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
School uniforms are meant to foster a sense of belonging and raise achievement – but it’s not clear that they do
The ConversationContributions to Specialist Publications: Articles- [ONLINE]
Employability and school uniform policies: Projecting the employer’s gaze
Childhood, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 628–645Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Cost and Affordability of school uniform and child poverty
Scottish Educational Review, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 1-23Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Shifting selves and spaces: Conceptualising school emergency remote teaching as a third space
Journal of Digital Social Research, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 26-46Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
A Comparative Study of Barriers to Mentoring Student and New Teachers
Mentoring and Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 355-376Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
- [ONLINE]
A Cultural History of School Uniform. Kate Stephenson Exeter: University of Exeter Press (2021) 232pp., hardback £75.00 ISBN: 9781905816538
Education in the North, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 114-115Contributions to Journals: Reviews of Books, Films and Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Making Waves: a cross-study analysis of young people's participation arenas in Scotland’s schools
Childhood, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 75-93Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Schooling in Citizenship and Political Community
Engaging Authority: Citizenship and Political Community. Stack, T., Luminiello, R. (eds.). 1 edition. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, pp. 79-100, 22 pagesChapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters- [ONLINE]
A comparative study of mentoring for new teachers
Professional Development in Education, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 751-165Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
- [ONLINE]
School Clothing Grant in Scotland: Policy Briefing
Aberdeen: 51cg. 5 pages.Other Contributions: Other Contributions- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
New Teachers’ Experiences Of The Transition Into Teaching
Educação em Revista, vol. 37, e211725Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
School Uniform: It's Different for Girls
Contributions to Conferences: Papers- [OPEN ACCESS]
- [ONLINE]
New Teachers’ responses to the Covid-19 pandemic
Non-textual Forms: Digital or Visual Products- [ONLINE]
New teachers’ responses to COVID-19 in Scotland: doing surprisingly well?
Journal of Education for Teaching, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 118-120Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
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Developing a context-appropriate framework for measuring quality in initial teacher education
Scottish Educational Review, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 3-25Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE]
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Teaching in a Third Space during national COVID-19 lockdowns: in loco magister?
Irish Educational Studies, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 359-366Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
- [ONLINE]
30 years of ICT in education: reflecting on educational technology projects
Seminar.net. International Journal of Media, technology and lifelong learning, vol. 16, no. 2, e4047Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Technology-enabled professional learning in remote rural minority language classrooms
Education in the North, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 118-135Contributions to Journals: Articles- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Affordability of secondary school uniform in Scotland: Policy briefing
Aberdeen: 51cg. 4 pages.Other Contributions: Other Contributions- [ONLINE] DOI:
- [OPEN ACCESS]
Introduction. Development of Teacher Preparation in Scotland
Teacher Preparation in Scotland. Shanks, R. (ed.). Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., pp. 1-8, 8 pagesChapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters- [ONLINE] DOI:
Teacher Induction
Teacher Preparation in Scotland. Shanks, R. (ed.). Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., pp. 151-164, 14 pagesChapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Chapters- [ONLINE] DOI:
Teacher Preparation in Scotland
Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., Bingley. 280 pagesBooks and Reports: Books- [ONLINE] DOI:
Using blog posts for peer to peer learning and summative assessment
On Your Marks: Learner-focused Feedback Practices and Feedback Literacy. Baughan, P. (ed.). York: Advance HE pp. 39-46, 7 pages.Chapters in Books, Reports and Conference Proceedings: Other Contributions- [ONLINE]
- [OPEN ACCESS]
